The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer . __________________. A Book

THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER __________________ A Book Review Presented to Mr. Parsons and Mrs. Amy Lack Woodville High School __________________ U.S. History I and English 10 __________________ by Arian Campbell April 19, 2017 The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain is a 271-page novel. Tom is a boy, and merely and exactly an ordinary boy on the moral side. What makes him delightful to the reader is that on the imaginative side he is very much more, and though every boy has wild and fantastic dreams, this boy cannot rest till he has somehow realized them. The story is a wonderful study of the boy-mind, which inhabits a world quite distinct from that in which he is bodily present with his elders,†¦show more content†¦Tom Sawyer lives with his Aunt Polly and his half brother Sid. He skips school to swim and is made to whitewash the fence the next day as punishment. He cleverly persuades his friends to trade him small treasures for the privilege of doing his work. He then trades the treasures for Sunday School tickets which one normally receives for memorizing verses consistently, redeeming them for a Bible, much to the surprise and bewilderment of the superintendent who thought it was simply prep osterous that this boy had warehoused two thousand sheaves of Scriptural wisdom on his premises a dozen would strain his capacity, without a doubt. Tom falls in love with Becky Thatcher, a new girl in town, and persuades her to get engaged by kissing him. But their romance collapses when she learns Tom has been engaged previously to Amy Lawrence. Shortly after Becky shuns him, he accompanies Huckleberry Finn to the graveyard at night, where they witness a trio of body snatchers, Dr. Robinson, Muff Potter, and Injun Joe, getting into a fight. While Potter is knocked unconscious during the scuffle, Injun Joe stabs the doctor to death and later pins the blame on Potter, who is arrested for the murder. Potter is then shunned by the whole town, except Huck and Tom, who knew the real story. They decided to keep mum about this incident because they are afraid of Injun Joe murdering them. Tom and Huck run away to an island. While enjoying theirShow MoreRelatedMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain: Seeing America’s Flaws â€Å"You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly. There was things he stretched, but mainly he told the truth† (qtd. in Jones 237). That was the very first line in Mark Twain’s controversial book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southernRead More Comparison of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain665 Words   |  3 PagesComparison of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were both characters created by Mark Twain. Tom Sawyer is the main character in the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn is the main character in the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer were alike in many ways but they were also very different. One way in which Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer are alike is that they are bothRead MoreFreedom in Mark Twains The Adventures of Tom Sawyer590 Words   |  3 Pagesin the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer than freedom. Freedom plays an enormous role in the book Tom Sawyer. Whether it is people earning freedom or people not being granted it, every young boy in St. Petersburg wanted some form of freedom. The word freedom means the power to say and do what you want. Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn and Joe Harper are all boys seeking freedom. Freedom is the key reason the boys run away to Jackson Island. Freedom is one of the main themes in the book. Tom is alwaysRead MoreThe Adventures Of Tom Sawyer By Mark Twain1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer In 1876, a novel about a young boy growing up along the Mississippi River was written. Set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, Mark Twain, the author of this fictional piece, based ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’, largely on his personal memories of growing up in Hannibal, Missouri in the 1840s. Through ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’, by Mark Twain we are able to not just appreciate an amazing piece of literature, but also be able to explore through the fiveRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer904 Words   |  4 PagesThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer Critical Analysis â€Å"Sometimes problems don’t require a solution to solve them, instead they require maturity to outgrow them.† (1). Eventually in life we will have to grow up and face our problems maturely, and it’s a large price to pay. In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Tom faces a challenge of maturity. The question is, did Tom mature socially or morally more? My thesis is Tom matured morally over socially in the book, due to how much he doesn’t learn to obey thoseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Tom Sawyer 1629 Words   |  7 PagesTom sawyer is a very fun and entertaining book and is great for all families and children alike. Why do i say this, I say this because the book of Tom Sawyer is set in St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg may be small but it s got everything a boy could ever want. This really adds to the excitement and appeal of the book. Another thing that adds to the appeal of the book is the narrator point of view. Twain does a good job of using versatility an d verbal skill in the narrator point of view. For exampleRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Term Paper for Tom Sawyer : a Classic Novel771 Words   |  4 PagesTerm Paper for Tom Sawyer: A Classic Novel Mark Twain’s book is a novel that follows the juvenile life of a small boy. You will see how much fun the main character, Tom, and his friends have by skipping school, fishing, swimming, and using with their imaginations to have a good time. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a classic novel for many reasons. The plot gives us an idea about how people lived in the era the book takes place in. Readers enjoy the book because they can relate to Tom and enjoy hisRead MoreTom Sawyer Character Analysis828 Words   |  4 Pages Tom Sawyer is an adventurous boy who gets into mischief and trouble, but learns from his mistakes. Although in the beginning of the book, he was a troublemaker and was always yelled at by his Aunt Polly, in the end, he became a young man and was more mature than ever. In The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, by Mark Twain, Tom lives with his Aunt Polly and constantly gets into trouble. He witnesses a murder, goes to an island and pretends he’s a pirate, gets lost in a cave, finds buried treasure, and goesRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer As Well1350 Words   |  6 Pagessense of humor to criticize the 19th society in America’s and propagate his ideal world through The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. People commented Twain as â€Å"Twain does not confine himself to telling a simple children s story. He is, as always, the satirist and commentator on the foibles of human nature†(Roberts), Twain does use his sense of satire in the classical America book: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer as well. The novel is about a group of young children who feels abhorrent about the rigid social

The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 14 Free Essays

IT TOOK THEM three days of Talat’s careful walking to come to the crossroads where they had parted with their guide to go on and face the dragon; three days complicated by the fact that Aerin didn’t dare dismount till she found something near a campsite that would let her remount in the morning. She was deadly tired each evening; her ankle throbbed from hanging vertical so long; and she realized how much weaker she was even than she had thought. It was hard to make herself eat; she was never hungry, and eating hurt, and she ate dutifully because eating was something one did; but she got more pleasure out of watching Talat graze. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He had eaten everything edible along the banks of their stream, including some of the bark off the trees, and he tore with great enthusiasm into the fresh grass they now camped beside. Not infrequently during the day she would come to herself again and look around and realize that she had drifted away. Sometimes it would take her a minute or two just to recognize the trees around her, common Damarian trees whose shapes and leaf patterns had been familiar to her since childhood. Occasionally she woke up and found herself collapsed forward on Talat’s neck. But he would not let her fall off, and she didn’t. He carried her steadily, his ears pricked and cautious; and he seemed to feel no hesitation about their direction. â€Å"Well, my friend, you know what you are doing,† she whispered to Talat, his ears cocked back to listen, when at last they reached the crossroads. â€Å"It wasn’t I that got us here.† When they set out from the crossroads again the next morning, the way opened up. She had not remembered that the narrow path became a small roadway so soon; but that had been when she still had her hair and the use of all her limbs, and open spaces had held no terrors for her. The mountains climbed steeply to their left, but on their right she looked through hedgerows to planted fields, crops waving green and gold in the sunlight. She tried to make herself feel better by thinking that had she not killed Maur – whatever it may have cost her personally – the crops would have been black by now, and the farmers, dragon’s meat. But the comfort was cold, and she could not feel it; she was too deep in dread for what was to come. She was drifting in and out of awareness again that afternoon, her good hand wrapped in Talat’s mane that she might not fall forward and hurt her burnt arm, when Talat suddenly came to a halt and stiffened – and neighed. Aerin shook herself awake with the sound; and he neighed again, and trembled, and she knew he would have reared to cry greeting and challenge as the Damarian warhorses were taught, but he did not for her sake, and she closed her eyes briefly on tears of exhaustion and self-pity. She could not see who approached; Talat told her that it was not merely someone, but someone that he knew, and thus it was necessarily someone from the City. But her vision had never quite cleared since she had fallen through the dragon-fire, and her left eye burned and leaked tears as she squinted and tried to look down the road. The effort made her dizzy, and the road leaped and heaved under her eyes. But she then saw that it was not the road that heaved, but riders on the road who galloped toward her; and when Talat neighed again, someone answered, and she saw the lead horse’s head toss upward as he neighed, and finally she recognized him: Kethtaz. And Tor’s mare, Dgeth, galloped beside. Aerin threw her own head up .in panic, and the scabs on her face pulled and protested. Her right hand scrabbled at the collar of her tunic, and pulled a fold of her cloak up over her head for a hood; and her fingers briefly touched the left side of her head where a determined stubble grew. Her father and her cousin and the riders with them were upon her almost at once, and Arlbeth called out to her, but she did not answer, for her croaking voice could not have been heard above the sound of the hoofbeats; and then Tor rode up beside her and said anxiously, â€Å"Aerin, it is you?† but she delayed answering him till he reached over and seized her – by her left forearm. She screamed, except that she could not scream, but she made a hoarse awful sound, and Tor dropped his hand and said something she did not hear, for her scream made her cough, and she coughed and could not stop, and the bleeding began, and flecks of her blood dripped down Talat’s neck, and her body shook, and the cloak fell away from her and onto the ground, and Tor and Arlbeth sat frozen on their horses, helplessly watching. She remembered little of the rest of the journey. They tried to rig a sling for her, that she might travel lying down, but while she lay down obediently there was no comfort in it, and at the first stop she struggled out of her litter and went grimly to Talat, who had been hovering nearby wondering what he had done that his lady had been taken away from him. She hung an arm over his neck and hid her face in his mane, ignoring the feel of it wisping against her left cheek. Tor followed her at once. â€Å"Aerin – † His voice was full of unshed tears, and her fingers tightened in Talat’s mane, dear cheerful Talat who felt that so long as she was riding him there was nothing too serious wrong. She spoke into his neck: â€Å"There’s no ease in being carried. I would rather ride.† And so she rode, and the company all went at Talat’s gentlest walking pace, and it was a long time before they reached the City. When at last the stone City rose up before them from the forest, she felt for her cloak, and pulled it forward to shadow her face again, and her father, who rode at her side, watched her. She looked at him, and let the cloak slip back where it had lain, and straightened herself in the saddle; and she remembered the description of Gorthold’s death in Astythet’s History, and how he was carried, bleeding from many mortal wounds, into the City, where all folk saluted him as their savior; and he died in the castle of the king, who was his cousin; and all Damar grieved for his death. A grim sort of smile touched Arlbeth’s mouth. â€Å"You’re riding into the City a hero, you know; word of your victory has gone before you, and the messenger who first brought the tale of the Black Dragon’s awakening is there with most of his village, and they are all vying among themselves to describe how great and wicked Maur was.† â€Å"How did they know?† Arlbeth sighed. â€Å"I didn’t ask. Several of them met us as we rode east toward the City, and we didn’t wait for details. Look between Talat’s ears; he knows all about this sort of thing; all you have to do is sit up. We’re just your honor guard.† â€Å"But – † she began, but Arlbeth turned away and, indeed, as they neared the great gates, he and Tor dropped back, and Talat pretended to prance, but only pretended, so as not to joggle his rider. She did as her father told her, sitting straight and still in the saddle, and looking not quite between Talat’s ears where she might see something, but at them, and at his poll, where his forelock grew and lifted in the breeze when he tossed his head. The streets were quiet, but many people watched them as they rode by; and from the corners of her eyes she could see many of their audience touching the backs of their hands to their foreheads and flicking out the fingers in the Damarian salute to their sovereign but Arlbeth rode at his daughter’s heel. A breeze wandered among them and riffled Aerin’s ruined hair, and the sunlight shone pitilessly on her scarred face; but the audience was still silent, and motionless but for the right hands and the flicki ng fingers. When they came to the courtyard of the castle-, rows and rows of the king’s army stood in a three-sided square, leaving a space large enough for the honor guard to file in behind the king’s daughter when Talat came to a halt. Before them on the ground lay Maur’s head, and around the head more ash fell and collected in little pools. She blinked at the trophy someone else had brought home for her. The skull around the empty eye sockets was now burnished bare and clean; and the bone was black. Her eyes trailed slowly down the long nasal bones and the ridged jaw, and she realized that much of the bone was showing; shreds only of the tough skin remained, and as the wind sidled along the head and flicked bits of it loose, they fell to the ground as ash. The parted jaws with their black grin leered at her. She held to Talat’s mane with her right hand, and slipped slowly down his side, her left foot touching the ground first. Then Arlbeth was beside her, and he led her past Maur’s grinning skull, and the soldiers parted in a silent whiplash, a drill maneuver, and they came to the castle door; and then he turned to her and picked her up in his arms and carried her down the long corridors and up the stairs to her room, and to Teka. There were healers in plenty who visited her after that; but none of them could do better for her burns than the kenet, and her ankle was healing of its own, and they could do nothing for her cough, nor for her trouble breathing. She spent her time in bed, or in the deep window seat that overlooked the rear of the courtyard, toward the stables. Hornmar led Talat under her window occasionally, and while she could not call down to him, it comforted her to see him. She tried to eat for Teka’s sake; she hadn’t realized before that there was no flavor to her food since she had tasted dragonfire, but she learned it now. And she took the dragon stone from the pocket she had made from a knot of cloth, and laid it on the table near her bed; it seemed as though when she stared at it, it grew brighter, and red fire shivered deep inside it. At last she grew restless, as she had in the dragon’s valley, and she began to creep about the castle, and visit Talat in the stables. He had his old stall back, and Arlbeth’s young Kethtaz had actually been moved one stall down to give his predecessor pride of place. Talat was very conscious of eminence regained. She investigated his croup carefully with her fingers; the weals from the dragonfire had disappeared, although she could still see them, for the hair had grown back lying in the opposite direction from the hair around them. Her own hair was growing in vigorously if unevenly, and Teka one day combed it out from a center spot at the top of her skull and cut in a neat arch around her face, for it was no longer curly. Aerin looked at herself in the mirror and laughed. â€Å"I look like a boy.† â€Å"No,† said Teka, sweeping up the trimmings. â€Å"You look like a girl with a boy’s haircut.† Aerin stared at herself. She had avoided mirrors as she had avoided everyone but Tor and Teka and her father, and the healers they sent, who could not be got rid of; and now that she finally dared herself to look in a mirror she was surprised at what she saw. The shiny scars across her left cheek – and a few flecks, like freckles, on the other side of her face, where the hot dragon blood had splashed her – were visible but not disfiguring. Her scalp was still tender on the left, and she had to use her hairbrush tentatively; but her hair was coming back as thick as before, although it was several shades darker and almost straight. But her face was drawn and pale, except for two spots of red high on her cheekbones; and there were lines on her face that had not been there before, and her eyes looked as old as Arlbeth’s, â€Å"I look a lot more like my mother now, don’t I?† she said. Teka paused with the cloth she’d used to gather the hair clippings dangling from her hand. â€Å"Yes,† she said. The first morning she came to breakfast with her father again. Tor was there too, and was not able to stop himself from jumping out of his chair and hugging her. He was so glad to see her walking, and with her hair grown out and combed smoothly around her face, that he almost managed not to think about how little there was of her to hug, how frail she felt; how each breath she took seemed to shake her, like a wind through a sapling. She smiled up at him, and he saw the red spots on her cheekbones, but he looked only at her smile. She asked about Nyrlol, and Arlbeth said that he had been humble – no, craven – in a way Arlbeth had disliked even more than Nyrlol’s usual overbearing bluster; it was as if the threat of secession had never happened. Nyrlol had seemed nervous, looking behind himself too frequently, starting at sounds no one else heard. He apologized, and claimed that he was not sleeping well; that there was too much raiding on his borders and he seemed able to do too little about it. Arlbeth, with the army at his back, had made the correct noises, and after a visit of the shortest possible length consistent with courtesy, headed for home, leaving a division of his army behind to help watch the Border near Nyrlol’s land for him. Nyrlol had seemed honestly grateful, and that made Arlbeth even more uneasy; but there was nothing more he could do. â€Å"I have no doubt that we were lured away from the City just then for a purpose,† said Arlbeth, â€Å"and the best I could do then was return as quickly as the horses could run. I had almost forgotten Maur.† â€Å"I hadn’t,† murmured Tor, and his eyes flicked up to Aerin’s face and away again, and she knew that he had guessed she would ride back with the messenger and face the Black Dragon alone. Arlbeth frowned into his cup. â€Å"But if the only purpose was to set the Black Dragon upon us, why then does the feeling of a dark fate still cling around us? For it does.† â€Å"Yes,† said Tor. There was a silence, and Arlbeth said at last: â€Å"We can only hope that Aerin-sol has so disturbed their plans† – and by their his auditors knew he meant the Northerners – â€Å"that we will have time enough to prepare, and strength enough in reserve.† Neither Arlbeth nor Tor ever told her what they had thought when they first saw her, bent and burnt and coughing blood onto Talat’s white neck; and Aerin did not ask. All else that was said on the subject occurred that same morning: â€Å"I owe you a punishment for carrying the king’s sword without the king’s wishes, Aerin-sol,† her father said gravely. She had been thinking much of this herself lately, and she nodded. â€Å"I await your command.† Tor made a noise, and Arlbeth waved him to silence. â€Å"The punishment is that you remain prisoned in the City and not carry your sword for two seasons, half a year, and not less. Maur has taken care of that for me.† She bowed her head; and then a woman of the hafor brought fresh malak and hot rolls, and they busied themselves with passing and pouring, and that was the end of it. She put milk in her malak now, to cool it before she drank it, so that she would not have to wait so obviously for it to grow tepid by itself – a long process at the king’s castle, where it was served in huge heavy earthenware cups with wide thick bases and narrow tapered rims. She didn’t like the flavor so well – malak was supposed to bite, and the milk gentled it – but there were worse compromises she had to make. Arlbeth asked her when they might hold the banquet in her honor, and she blinked stupidly at him, thinking. My birthday isn’t till – ? â€Å"Maur,† he said gently. â€Å"We wish to honor you for your slaying of Maur.† Tor and Arlbeth both knew she wanted nothing of the sort, but she said grimly, â€Å"I thank you. Name the day.† The hush that fell on the great half that evening when she entered it was worse even than what she had imagined. It should have been little different than it ever had been, for her father’s court had never been easy in the presence of his daughter; but it was different nonetheless. Her head buzzed with the silence, and her dim vision dimmed further, till the people around her were no more than vague hulks draped in the bright colors of their court clothing. She wore a long brown dress, high in the collar, and with sleeves that fell past her wrists; and while there was much embroidery on it, the threads were black and darker brown, and she went bareheaded, and wore only one ring, on her right hand. She looked around, and the hulks turned slowly away from her, and she took her place at her father’s side. The talk started up again, but she did not hear the words of it; she heard the broken flickering fear beneath it, and calmly she thought: It is I that they are afraid of. Maur’s ugly black skull had been hung high on one wall of the great hall, whose ceilings were three stories tall. It had been placed there by some other direction, for she had had nothing to do with it, nor would have wanted it there had she been asked. Even in the great hall it was huge; she looked at it, and it she could see clearly, and it leered at her. I am the shape of their fear, it said, for you dared to slay me. I am the shape of their fear, the thing said. But I am lame and crippled from our meeting, she replied; I am human like them, for I was sorely wounded. The thing laughed; the laugh came as a ripple of heavy silence that muffled the uncertain conversation in the hall; but only Aerin heard. Ah, but you lived, and you slew me; that is enough, and more than enough, for I was as big as a mountain and might have swallowed all of Damar at last. The villagers who saw me before you came – the man who guided you to me – all say that when I reared up, my head touched the stars; that nothing human could have stood against me. They say it who saw me, with awe and gratitude for their deliverance; but that is not how the story travels. She heard the rhythm of the voices around her; the broken rhythm of syllables under the words they said aloud. Witch, they said. Witchwoman’s daughter. But I saved them, she said desperately. I saved them. The head howled: Better you had not! Better that they lay now in my belly’s pit! See how the first sola still looks at the witchwoman’s daughter, for all that her face is haggard and scarred; see how he looks at her, as if he does not wish to look at anything else. As if he cannot look at anything else. The old ones among them said: Remember how the king looked at the witch, how she spelled him to sire her a child that she might be born again with greater strength, for the blood of Damar would run in the child’s veins with her own witch’s wickedness! Witch woman’s daughter. Nothing human could have killed Maur. She will swallow Damar as the Black Dragon never could have; for we could have hidden in deep caves till it slept again. Shall we let her spell the first sola? We remember the old tales of Maur. We remember. Witchwoman’s daughter. And the words spoken aloud: The North. The raiders from the North, they come oftener, stronger. Why is Nyrlol afraid of his own shadow? He, who was never known for wisdom, was never known either for lack of courage. Mischief. Witchwoman’s daughter. You had done better to let me eat you! the thing on the wall shrieked. It was only luck that I slew you! she cried. I only dared because I knew I was already dead! The thing laughed. Witchwoman’s daughter. It was only luck! Was it? said Maur’s head. Was it? Aerin stood up abruptly and said, â€Å"You must excuse me.† She turned and walked, slowly, for she still limped a little, toward the gaping door that would let her out of the halt. Tor was at her elbow. â€Å"Aerin?† â€Å"Let me be!† she cried. â€Å"Go talk to your guests! Don’t come near me!† She began to cough, and still she ran from him, staggering, not caring that she limped in the sight of the entire hall, through the door and away. How to cite The Hero And The Crown Part Two Chapter 14, Essay examples

Reduce Vulnerability Exposure Window †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reduce Vulnerability Exposure Window. Answer: Introduction: In my own opinion, the learning experience in the process of doing this research proposal is a boost to my academic career. I have acquired more knowledge about cybersecurity that has opened my eyes quite a lot. Going through several kinds of literature just to come up with this proposal is a humbling process that requires patience and dedication. The value of my experience after researching, compiling, and reporting on this proposal is immeasurable. Going through several books, taught me that diligence in everything is the key to achieving success (Motiwalla 2007). The insights I have interacted with has enabled me to take more caution while browsing the internet. Revelations of how businesses face operations sabotage are real and every business should think of ways of making cybersecurity a priority. This learning experience has enhanced my understanding of the course. Going out class activities to conduct research on my own is the best experience for any scholar. In particular, I learned of several ways through which cyber-attackers use to propagate their heinous acts of vandalism. Apart from what I learned in class, this learning process has boosted my understanding of the course, more so horning my research skills. Valuable lessons of analyzing and synthesizing big literature materials is a plus to my course material. Generally, the program objectives require students to carry out extra research in addition to what is taught by lecturers. As such, this learning experience gave me a platform to sharpen my research skills which have been very valuable so far in my career. Going through several academic materials online and in books has helped me achieve the learning expectation of the program. From what I have learned on how cybersecurity issues affect many businesses, big and small, I think it would be good if I pursue further career opportunities in cybersecurity. As a specialist, I will help many businesses and organizations to keep safe of their systems which often sabotage systemic operations. This career will not only enable earn income but will give a platform to learn more besides impacting the lives of people around me. In general, carrying out this research proposal has equipped me with more skills to stay cautious while online (Schmitz and Wiese 2006). From now henceforth, I know how to identify incidents of phishing, which has cost many people of their confidential data. I also know how to put measures in place to avoid cyber-attack incidents. Moreover, I have also learned how cyber-attacks can cause closure of businesses. As such, I am in a position to advise my friends and families on the basic principles on staying alert on the World Wide Web. Description of what happened in the learning process I started this learning process by evaluating the topic of the research proposal, which is, challenges of cybersecurity for businesses. After settling on the topic, I went ahead to read materials relating to cybersecurity. At that point, I came across several ways through which cyber vandals use to steal, destroy, confidential business information. To stay focused on my goal, I did set my parameters, first by outlining the objectives of the research proposal, then specifying my scope of operations so that I do not go beyond my objectives. I read about how cyber-attackers conduct sabotage by stealing confidential business data. I also read ways through which individuals, organizations, and businesses can use to protect their operation from cyber-attacks. Furthermore, I learned of many businesses who are victims of hacking and the statistics are worrying. For example, a multinational company, Google was attacked in China where the company lost confidential information. Subsequently, I wrote the methodology section and compiled the whole research proposal. My learning could not have been successful were it not for business research guidelines. According to Creswell (2013), business research provides guidelines that define the approach of a research activity. Through business research insights, I learned that qualitative approach was applicable in this kind of study. This is because, I will be going to collect data on opinions, feelings, and beliefs on how cyber-attacks are affecting businesses. Business research taught me how to structure my proposal, what to include and the right method of identifying my target group and coming up with reasonable sample size. I have also identified strategies to conduct a professional literature review and ways to collect quality data to achieve my research goals. By conducting this research proposal, I learned ways through which cyber vandals use to attack businesses. Such methods include; phishing, network probes, brute force cracking, malware and ransomware, structured query language injection, a man in the middle, and denial of service attacks (Pawar and Anuradha 2015). These revelations confirm the hypothesis that cyber-attacks are real on businesses. Consequently, I also learned on some of the strategies that businesses, organizations, and companies can use to prevent and overcome cyber-attacks. Those strategies include; providing stronger authentication, accelerating efforts in managing traffic, testing vulnerability matrix and management, and upgrading security and validating testing (Beres et al. 2008). I did these activities of finding out ways through which cyber-attackers use to steal confidential information to answer my research questions and objectives. Furthermore, answering on the mitigation strategies offers solutions to the identified problems facing the business community. This learning experience will be very vital in my career journey and future profession as I aspire to own a company which will be offering cybersecurity solutions. Since most businesses and organizations use technology, their operations and data are in danger of cyberattacks. Therefore, I am tempted to pursue a career in cybersecurity to offer mitigation solutions to the business community. From the exposure I have acquired in the process, I have identified numerous opportunities and gaps to fulfill. I also wish to advance my career on cybersecurity to solidify my understanding and look into a specific field to specialize on. Even before enrolling for cybersecurity program, I can now caution my friends, families, and small businesses on the importance of taking measures to protect their data such as passwords. Executing this plan will help protect businesses and individuals from losing their data. References Beres, Y., Griffin, J., Shiu, S., Heitman, M., Markle, D. and Ventura, P., 2008, December. Analysing the performance of security solutions to reduce vulnerability exposure window. InComputer Security Applications Conference, 2008. ACSAC 2008. Annual(pp. 33-42). IEEE. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Motiwalla, L.F., 2007. Mobile learning: A framework and evaluation.Computers education,49(3), pp.581-596. Pawar, M.V. and Anuradha, J., 2015. Network security and types of attacks in network.Procedia Computer Science,48, pp.503-506 Schmitz, B. and Wiese, B.S., 2006. New perspectives for the evaluation of training sessions in self-regulated learning: Time-series analyses of diary data.Contemporary educational psychology,31(1), pp.64-96.

Llb Summer Reprt on Finance Dabur Essay Example

Llb Summer Reprt on Finance Dabur Essay I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my teacher Mr. Vikas Gupta for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this project.The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to embark. Lastly, I thank my parents, brother, sister and friends for their constant encouragement without which this assignment would not be possible. Index 1. Introduction 2. Legislations and Judicial Pronouncements 3. Trial by Media 4. Suggestions 5. Bibliography Introduction Court proceedings would be a waste of time if nobody needed to do what the court told them, or if the court had no power to enforce its orders.Contempt of court is disregarding the courts orders, or in any way interfering with the way the court does its job. Most courts take this very seriously, and have great power to deal with offenders. Criminal contempt The courts can only op erate effectively if they are able to enforce their will. That is the main purpose of the law relating to  civil contempt. However, in order to operate properly, the courts also need to be free from outside interference and to maintain their dignity. That, too, is protected by  criminal contempt.It is the business of the legislature to pass laws, but it is the business of the courts to administer them; when members of a government try to interfere in court proceedings or to influence court judgments, they are likely to be reminded sternly that they are interfering. If they persist, they may well find themselves in contempt of court, even if they are government ministers. Nobody is above the law. Similarly, the courts will protect themselves from interference by people attempting to bribe or threaten anyone connected with a case.They will also protect themselves from interference by journalists through publications. Courts also guard their dignity. This is not because judges cons ider themselves to be special people, but because they see themselves as representatives of the law itself. It is the law which must be respected by all citizens, and in order to ensure that respect, the courts insist on maintaining dignity. Courts are usually large and imposing buildings with national emblems above the bench where the judges or magistrates sit; judges often wear robes and wigs and people bow to them in court.All of these things represent the great stature and dignity of courts, which in turn are meant to encourage people to respect and obey them. Both these things freedom from interference and maintenance of dignity are protected by the law relating to criminal contempt. Publication (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise) of any matter may constitute criminal contempt: Any publication which offends the dignity of the court Judges are not above criticism, but there are limits to how extreme that criticism can be.For example, it would be criminal contempt if a newspaper, radio or television report suggested that judges were habitually drunk in court, or that they took bribes. Any publication which prejudices the course of justice A report of a court case which gives details of the defendants previous criminal convictions, before the end of the trial, would be criminal contempt. This is because it may prejudice the judge, magistrate or jury against the defendant, if there are many previous convictions. This would reduce the chances of a fair trial.Previous convictions (often called  antecedents  or  priors) may not be revealed until after the verdict has been reached. They are then considered by the court to help it to decide on an appropriate punishment. Legislation and Judicial Pronouncements The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 was enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-second year in the Republic of India with the objective of defining and limiting the powers of certain courts in punish ing contempt of courts and to regulate their procedure in relation thereto. The law relating to contempt of court as existed prior to the Act of 1971 was somewhat uncertain and unsatisfactory.Moreover, the jurisdiction to punish for contempt touches two important fundamental rights including the right to freedom of speech and expression and right to personal liberty. It was, therefore, considered necessary to have the entire law on the subject scrutinised by a Special Committee. Hence, a Committee was set up in 1961 under the chairmanship of late H. N. Sanyal. The recommendations of the Committee have been generally accepted by Government after considering the view expressed on those recommendations by the State Governments, Union TerritoryAdministrations, the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the Judicial Commissioners. On the basis of these recommendations, the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 was passed which can be described as a comprehensive legislation. Section 2. Definitions a) Sub-clause ‘a’ of section 2 defines Contempt of Court. It says â€Å"Contempt of Court means civil contempt or criminal contempt†. b) Sub-clause ‘b’ defines civil contempt as â€Å"wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court†. ) Sub-clause ‘c’ defines criminal contempt as â€Å"the publication (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise) of any matter or the doing of any other act whatsoever which—   (i)  scandalizes, or tends to scandalize, or lowers or tends to lower the authority of, any court; or   (ii)  prejudices, or interferes or tends to interfere with, the due course of any judicial proceeding; or (iii)  interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct, the administration of justice in any other manner;†In Queen v. Gray, i t was held that the law relating to contempt of court is well settled as act done or writing published which is calculated to bring a court or a judge into contempt, or to lower his authority, or to interfere with the due course of justice or the lawful process of the Court, is a contempt of court. The Supreme Court in Baradakant v. Registrar, Orissa H. C. , has held that the defamatory criticism of a Judge functioning as a judge even in purely administrative or non-adjudicatory matters amounted to criminal contempt.The imputations contained in the letters have grossly vilified the High Court and has substantially interfered with the administration of justice and therefore, the appellant was rightly convicted of the offence of the criminal contempt. Making wild allegations of corruption against the presiding officer amounts to scandalizing the court. Imputation of motives of corruption to the judicial officer/authority by any person or group of persons is a serious inroad into the e fficacy of judicial process and threat to judicial independence and eeds to be dealt with the strong arm of law. —U. P. Sales Tax Service Association v. Taxation Bar Association 1995 (5) SCC 716 It has been rightly held by the Supreme Court that the spirit underlying Article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution of India must have due play but we cannot overlook the provisions of the second clauses of the Article. While it is intended that there should be Freedom of Speech and Expression, it is also intended that in exercise of the right, contempt of the Court shall not be committed.These provisions are to be read with Articles 129 and 215 of the Constitution which specially confer on the Supreme Court and the High Courts the power to punish for contempt of themselves. Article 19 (l)(a) of the constitution guarantees complete Freedom of Speech and Expression but it also makes an exception in respect of Contempt of Court. The Supreme Court has held that the guaranteed right on which t he functioning of our democracy rests, is intended to give protection to expression of free opinions, to change political and social conditions and to advance human knowledge.While this right is essential to a free society, the Indian Constitution has itself imposed restrictions in relation to contempt of court. It cannot, therefore, be said that the right abolishes the law of contempt or that attacks upon judges and courts will be condoned. However, it should also remember that the judiciary in India is an institution of democracy. We should have strict interpretation of law of contempt in India because we have written Constitution in which freedom of speech and expression has been explicitly guaranteed. Section 3.Innocent publication and distribution of matter not contempt (1) A person shall not be guilty of contempt of court on the ground that he has published (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representations, or otherwise) any matter which interfer es or tends to interfere with, or obstructs, ot tends to obstruct, the course of justice in connection with any civil or criminal proceeding pending at that time of publication, if at that time he had no reasonable grounds for believing that the proceeding was pending. 2)  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act or any other law for the time being in force, the publication of any such matter as is mentioned in sub-section (1) in connection with any civil or criminal proceeding which is not pending at the time of publication shall not be deemed to constitute contempt of court. 3)  A person shall not be guilty of contempt of court on the ground that he has distributed a publication containing any such matter as is mentioned in sub-section (1), if at the time of distribution he had no reasonable grounds for believing that it contained or was likely to contain any such matter as aforesaid:   PROVIDED that this sub-section shall not apply in respect of the di stribution of— (i)  any publication which is a book or paper printed or published otherwise than in conformity with the rules contained in section 3 of the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867, (25 of 1867); (ii)  any publication which is a newspaper published otherwise than in conformity with the rules contained in section 5 of the said Act. According to Section 3 of the Act, which deals with certain exceptions, a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court on the ground that he has published any mater which interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct, the course of justice in connection with any civil or criminal proceeding pending at the time of publication, if at the time he had no reasonable grounds for believing that the proceeding was pending. In Managing Director Vamin v. O. P. Bensal, it was held that a defence of truth or justification is not available to the publisher of a newspaper in proceedings for contempt of Court.The publication of reports of proceedings before a court of law must be true, accurate and without malice. Section 4. Fair and accurate report of Judicial proceeding not contempt   Subject to the provisions contained in section 7, a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing a fair and accurate report of a judicial proceeding or any stage thereof. In Subhash Chand v. S. M. Aggarwal, the Court held that the media reports must represent a fair and accurate report of judicial proceeding and not be a one-sided picture. It is very essential that while reproducing the court proceedings, no words may be added, omitted or substituted. Section 5.Fair criticism of judicial act not contempt   A person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing any fair comment on the merits of any case which has been heard and finally decided. Judges and courts are not unduly sensitive or touchy to fair and reasonable criticism of their judgments fair comments even if outspoken but made without maturity or attempting to impair the administration of justice and made in good faith in proper language do not attract any punishment for contempt of court. —In re Roshan Lal Ahuja 1993 Supp 4 SCC 446 In a democracy fair criticism of the working of all the organs of State should be welcome and would in fact promote the interests of democratic functioning. Sec. of the Act evidently enacted with a view to secure the right of fair criticism provides that a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing any fair comment on the merits of the case which has been heard and finally decided. This does not mean that the right to commit for any contempt by scandalizing the court has become obsolete. The question would still be whether the publication alleged to be offending is by way of fair comment on the merits of the case. —Vincent Panikulangara v. Gopal Kurup 1982 CrLJ 2094 The Supreme Court on 15 July, 2010 dismissed a contempt petition fil ed against Union Minister Kapil Sibal for allegedly making contemptuous remarks against the judiciary.A Bench comprising Justices J M Panchal and A K Patnaik said the article in the newspaper, which had quoted Sibals message on judiciary and legal fraternity published in a magazine, did not impair administration of justice or bring it to disrepute. Section 6. Complaint against presiding officers of subordinate courts when not contempt A person shall not be guilty of contempt of court in respect of any statement made by him in good faith concerning the presiding officer of any subordinate court to— (a) any other subordinate court, or (b) the High Court, to which it is subordinate. Explanation:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this section, â€Å"subordinate court† means any court subordinate to a High Court.A complaint or report about a judicial officer of his dishonesty, partiality or other conduct unbecoming of a court, made to an authority to which it is subordinate, is not contemp t of court if all reasonable care is taken by the makers to keep it confidential. In re Court on its Own Motion, the Court held that immunity is provided to a citizen making a complaint to the High Court against a presiding officer of a subordinate court so long as the complaint is made in good faith. Unwarranted and defamatory attack upon the character and ability of the Judge made by the counsel in the application of transfer of proceedings from the said court does not constitute a mere complaint under s. 6 of the Contempt of Court Act, but clearly constitutes criminal contempt by scandalizing the court within the meaning of s. 2(c) of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971. Section 7.Publication of information relating to proceeding in chambers or in camera not contempt except in certain cases   (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing a fair and accurate report of a judicial proceeding before any court sitti ng in chambers or in camera except in the following cases, that is to say (a)  where the publication is contrary to the provisions of any enactment for the time being in force; (b)  where the court, on ground of public policy or in exercise of any power vested in it, expressly prohibits the publication of all information relating to the proceeding or of information of the description which is published; (c)  where the court sits in chambers on in camera for reason connected with public order or the security of the State, the publication of information relating to those proceedings; (d) where the information relates to a secret process, discovery or invention which is an issue in proceedings. 2) Without prejudice to the provisions contained in sub-section (1), a person shall not be guilty of contempt of court for publishing the text or a fair and accurate summary of the whole or any part, of an order made by a court sitting in chambers or in camera, unless the court has express ly prohibited the publication thereof on grounds of public policy, or for reasons connected with public order or the security of the State, or on the ground that it contains information relating to a secret process, discovery or invention, or in exercise of any power vested in it. Those who have to discharge duty in a court of justice are protected by the law are shielded in the discharge of their duties, any deliberate interference in the discharge of such duties either in court or outside the court by attacking the presiding officer of the court would amount to criminal contempt and the court must take serious cognizance of such conduct. —Delhi Judicial Service Association v.State of Gujarat AIR 1991 SC 2176   In the instant case the court held the contemner, Shri Vinay Chandra Mishra guilty of the offence of the criminal contempt of the court for having interfered with and obstructed the course of justice by trying to threaten, over awe and overbear the court by using in sulting disrespectful and threatening language and committed him of the said offence. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Act 129 is sui generis. The jurisdiction to take cognizance by any statute. Neither the Contempt of Court Act, 1971 nor the Advocates Act, 1961, can be preserved into service to restrict the said jurisdiction. —Ir re Vinayachandra Mishra 1995 (2) SCC 584 Section 21. Act not to apply to Nyaya Panchayata or other Village Courts. Nothing contained in this Act shall apply in relation to contempt of Nyaya Panchayats or other village Courts, by whatever name known, for the administration of justice, established under any law.Section 22. Act to be in addition to, and not in derogation of, other laws relating to contempt The provisions of this Act shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of the provisions of any other law relating to contempt of courts. The expression â€Å"not in derogation of† is intended to mean that substantive powers of c ontempt cannot be abrogated by the Act. An act or action which was not contempt of court before the Act came in force shall not be punishable as contempt of court under the Act. The provisions incorporated in the Act are supplement to already existing law of contempt as interpreted by the Supreme Court and different High CourtsTrial by Media There is today a feeling that in view of the extensive use of the television and cable services, the whole pattern of publication of news has changed and several such publications are likely to have prejudicial impact on the suspects, accused, witnesses and even Judges and in general, on the administration of justice. According to our law, a suspect/accused is entitled to a fair procedure and is presumed to be innocent till proved guilty in a Court of law. None can be allowed to prejudge or prejudice his case by the time it goes to trial. Art. 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India guarantees freedom of speech and expression and Art. 9(2) permits reasonable restrictions to be imposed by statute for the purposes of various matters including ‘Contempt of Court’. Art. 19(2) does not refer to ‘administration of justice’ but interference of the administration of justice is clearly referred to in the definition of ‘criminal contempt’ in sec. 2 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 and in sec. 3 thereof as amounting to contempt. Therefore, publications which interfere or tend to interfere with the administration of justice amount to criminal contempt under that Act and if in order to preclude such interference, the provisions of that Act impose reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech, such restrictions would be valid. In A. K. Gopalan v.Noordeen, the Supreme Court held that publications made after the arrest of a person could be criminal contempt if such publications prejudice any trial later in a criminal court. As the Explanation now stands, ‘pendency of a criminal proceedingâ€⠄¢ is defined in clause (B) as starting from the filing of a charge sheet or challan or issuance of summons or warrant by a criminal court. The Supreme Court in the above case held that publication made even after arrest and before filing of charge sheet could also be prejudicial. If so, that guarantee must be implied in the ‘due process’ under Article 21 as explained in Maneka Gandhi’s case and to that extent, it is permissible to regulate publications by media made after arrest even if such arrest has been made before the filing of the charge sheet or challan. SuggestionIt is initially necessary to define â€Å"publication† as including publication in print and electronic media, radio broadcast and cable television and the world-wide web by insertion of an Explanation in clause(c) of Section 2 of the principal Act, to enlarge the meaning of the word ‘publication’ as stated above. http://punjabrevenue. nic. in/contempt_court1. htm http://shod hganga. inflibnet. ac. in/bitstream/10603/3570/12/12_chapter%204. pdf [ 2 ]. Report of Committee on Contempt of Courts (1963). [ 3 ]. H. N. Sanyal, the then Additional Solicitor General of India. [ 4 ]. The Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (Act No. 70 of 1971). It came into force w. e. f. December 24, 1971. [ 5 ]. 1900 (2) QBD 36 (40). [ 6 ]. AIR 1974 SC 710. [ 7 ].Rustom Cawasjee v. Union of India, AIR 1970 SC 1318. [ 8 ]. Whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representations, or otherwise. [ 9 ]. (1982) Cr. LJ 322 (Raj). [ 10 ]. Wasuddeoraoji v. A D Mani, AIR 1951 Nag. 26. [ 11 ]. 1984 Cr. L. J. 481. [ 12 ]. E. T. Sen v. E. Narayanan, AIR 1969 Del. 201. [ 13 ]. www. zeenews. com. /news 641275 html. [ 14 ]. re Guljari Lal, 1968 MPLJ 725 (MP). [ 15 ]. 1973 Cr LJ 1106 (P ; H). [ 16 ]. State of M. P. v. Chandrakant Saraf 1985 CrLJ 1716 [ 17 ]. High Court of Karnataka v. Y. K. Subanna 1990 Cr LJ 1159 [ 18 ]. Harish Chandra Misra v. S. Ali Ahmed, AIR 1986 Pat 65. [ 19 ]. 1969(2) SCC 734

Odysseus As The Epic Hero Essays - Odyssey, Odysseus, Calypso

Odysseus As The Epic Hero Essays - Odyssey, Odysseus, Calypso Odysseus As The Epic Hero Odysseus's Journey to Becoming The Epic Hero Outline I. Introduction - In Homer's The Odyssey the tale of a man's journey back home after long years at war is also the tale of a man's spiritual journey through his own soul. II. The beginning - Odysseus leaves Troy feeling almost immortal and this pride is what leads to his downfall and second rise. III. The middle - Odysseus undergoes his symbolic death and rebirth. IV. The end - Odysseus has regained power over his household and has restored order to his life. V. Conclusion In Homer's The Odyssey, the tale of a man's journey home after long years at war, is also the tale of a man's spiritual journey through his own soul. Odysseus' role as an epic hero is modified throughout the epic poem. As Odysseus leaves Troy for home, he is the typical bloodthirsty warrior. During the course of his trek, he undergoes a symbolic death and rebirth. Upon his arrival in Ithaka, the wiser man he has become is evident. The Odyssey is Odysseus' story of his journey not only from Troy to Ithaka, but also from bloodthirsty warrior to epic hero. Odysseus begins the tale of his trip from Troy to Phaiakia in Book IX. The beginning of his tale displays the bloodthirsty warrior that left Troy. What of those years of rough adventure, weathered under Zeus? The wind that carried west from Ilion Brought me to Ismaros, on the far shore, A strongpoint on the coast of Kikones. I stormed that place and killed the men who fought. The first lines of Odysseus' story display his warrior side. This passage shows how he and his crew landed and immediately went to battle and plundered. Although Odysseus recalls telling his men to stop afterwards and return to the ship, he never really forcibly tried to make the men return. The lack of effort on Odysseus' part implies that he did not truly care if the men ransacked Ilion. Due to this greed and bloodlust, nearly a third of each ship's crew was lost. This bloodthirsty warrior cared only for battle and blood, instead of his men and his return home. After stopping on the island of Aiaia, the home of Kirke, Odysseus journeys to Hades. This represents a symbolic death for Odysseus. There he must speak with Teirasias to hear the prophet's visions for Odysseus's journey home. Teirasias predicts that the journey can take two paths; either a peaceful journey home, or if the crew and Odysseus can not restrain their desires, death and destruction will befall the crew. Odysseus and his crew do not heed Teirasias's warning, and the entire crew save Odysseus is lost at sea. After nine years on Kalypso's island Odysseus finally continues his journey home. The strong god glittering left her as he spoke, And now her ladyship, having given heed To Zeus's mandate, went to find Odysseus In his stone seat to seaward-tear on tear Brimming his eyes. The sweet days of his life time Were running out in anguish over his exile, For long ago the nymph had ceased to please. Though he fought shy of her and her desire, He lay with her each night, for she compelled him. But when day came he sat on the rocky shore And broke his own heart groaning, with his eyes wet Scanning the bare horizon of the sea. Odysseus had begun to lose hope of ever getting home. Kalypso grudgingly gives in to Zeus' order and aids Odysseus in obtaining wood for a ship. After nineteen days at sea, he is battered in a vicious storm and washes up half-unconscious, bloody, and naked in Phaiakia. This episode represents a symbolic rebirth for Odysseus. His time of incubation on Kalypso's isle is over and he emerges naked and bloody - like the day he was born. Once he has landed on Phaiakia, Odysseus realizes that he can not continue on as a bloodthirsty warrior, but rather must heed the wisdom passed on to him by those he met in Hades and change his outlook. It is at this point that Odysseus begins to fully comprehend the effects his actions have on those around him, as well as on his future. Only now is he truly ready for his tumultuous return to Ithaka. By the time

How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net

How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net When you write computer code in C#, its a good idea to include logging code. That way, when something goes wrong, you know where to start looking. The Java world has been doing this for years. You can use log4net for this purpose. It is part of  Apache log4j  2, a popular open-source logging framework. This isnt the only .NET logging framework; there are many. However, the Apache name is trusted and the original Java logging framework has been around for more than  15 years. Why Use a Log4net Logging Framework? When an application or server crashes, you are left wondering why. Was it a hardware failure, malware, maybe a Denial of Service attack, or some odd combination of keys that manages to bypass all your code checks? You just dont know. You need to find out why a crash occurred so it can be corrected. With logging enabled, you might be able to see  why it happened. Getting Started Download the log4net  file from the Apache log4net website. Verify the integrity of the downloaded files using the PGP signature or MD5 checksums. The checksums are not as strong indicators as the PGP signature. Using Log4net Log4net supports seven levels of logging from none to all in increasing priority. These are: OFFFATALERRORWARNINFODEBUGALL The higher levels include all the lower ones. When debugging, using DEBUG  shows all, but on production, you might only be interested in FATAL. This choice can be made at the component level programmatically or in an XML Config file. Loggers and Appenders For  flexibility, log4net uses loggers, appenders, and layouts. A logger is an object that controls logging and is an implementation of the ILog interface, which specifies five boolean methods: isDebugEnabled, IsInfoEnabled, IsWarnEnabled, IsErrorEnabled and IsFatalEnabled. It also specifies the five methods- Debug, Info, Warn, Error andFatal- along with overloads and five formatted string versions. You can see the full ILog interface in the log4net online manual. Loggers are assigned one of the levels but not ALL or OFF, only the other five. Appenders control where the logging goes. It can be into a database, to an in-memory buffer, to the console, to a remote host, to a text file with rolling logs, the Windows Event Log, or even to email via SMTP. There are 22  appenders in all, and they can be combined so you have plenty of choices. Appenders are appended (hence the name) to a logger. Appenders  filter events by matching substrings, event level, range of levels and start of the logger name. Layouts Finally, there are seven layouts that can be associated with an Appender. These control how the events message is logged and can include exception text, timestamp layouts, and XML elements. Configuring With XML Although configuring can be done programmatically, it can also be done with XML Config files. Why would you prefer config files over code changes? Simple, its far easier to have a support guy make a change to a config file than have to get a programmer to change code, test and redeploy a new version. So config files are the way to go. The simplest possible path is to add  App.config your project, as shown in  the example below: ?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8 ?configuration  Ã‚  configSections  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  section namelog4net typelog4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,Log4net/  Ã‚  /configSections  Ã‚  log4net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  level valueDEBUG/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender-ref refLogFileAppender /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender nameLogFileAppender typelog4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  file value log.txt/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appendToFile valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  rollingStyle valueSize /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maxSizeRollBackups value5 /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maximumFileSize value10MB /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  staticLogFileName valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  layout typelog4net.Layout.PatternLayout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conversionPattern value%d [%t] %-5p %c %m%n /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /layout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /appender  Ã‚  /log4net/configuration The log4net online documentation explains all the config file fields.   Having set up App.config, add using log4net and this line: [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)] Plus the actual logger has to be fetched with a call to LogManager.GetLogger(...). The GetLogger is usually called with the typeof(class) that its used in, but this function call also fetches that: System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType This example shows both in with one commented, so you can choose.   using log4net;[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)]namespace gvmake{  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  class Program  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger (System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger(typeof (Program)) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  static void Main(string[] args)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  log.Debug(Application Starting) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }}

Sustainability Consultancy Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainability Consultancy Report - Coursework Example The company has a good business model. In fact, the company can be described as a second wave corporation. This comes from the fact that the company, despite seeking to be profitable from the resources it has in terms of timber and employees, seeks to ensure that its operations become sustainable in the long run. In this case, one of the issues that affect the company is the availability of raw materials. In the acquisition of timber, there are many policies and by laws that the company has to abide by to ensure that it does not breach the laws. This eventually impacts on the company’s performance and productivity. Other than that, the company has to deal with the issues of employee turnovers. It is evident that out of the sixteen thousand employees that the company has, the levels of productivity are not full exploited. The company should come up with a way of outsourcing some of the services that it needs. Just as it outsources for supplies, the company can incorporate other aspects of outsourcing to improve its levels of efficiency. For the sustainability of the business even in the years to come, the company should seek to expand into other markets strategically. Currently, being located in Sweden, the company only manages to reach out to a given market niche which is not that wide. In this regards, the company should consider exploring other markets which are most promising in terms of return on investments. Therefore, the company should also embrace emerging technologies.